FIGURE 1.

Transient expression of the Phytophthora sojae Avh148 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using the potato virus X (PVX) expression vector. (a) Schematic representation of the recombinant PVX‐Effector construct. (b) Photographs of 10‐day‐old N. benthamiana plants (n = 10) infiltrated with PVX‐Avh148, PVX‐GFP, or no construct (mock treatment; negative control) at 21 days postinfiltration (dpi). (c) RNA blot analysis of the accumulation of PVX genomic and subgenomic RNAs at 14 dpi. (d) Relative viral RNA accumulation in plants inoculated with PVX‐GFP or PVX‐Avh148. Reverse transcription PCR of the PVX coat protein (CP) gene was used to evaluate the viral RNA level. N. benthamiana EF‐1α gene was used as an internal control. (e) Western blot analysis of PVX CP in N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with PVX‐GFP or PVX‐Avh148 using anti‐CP antibody. Equal loading was confirmed by Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining. (f) Effect of Agrobacterium cell density (OD₆₀₀ = 0.2–1.0) on disease development in 2‐week‐old N. benthamiana plants infiltrated with PVX‐Avh148. (g) Effect of plant age on disease development in N. benthamiana plants infiltrated with PVX‐Avh148 (OD₆₀₀ = 1.2). Photographs were taken at 21 dpi. Experiments were performed twice, with similar results