Figure 5.

In vitro characterization of cytotoxic and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-reducing effects of pomegranate XAD-7 extract (black bars), the anthocyanin fraction (white bars), and the copigment fraction (grey bars) using HepG2 cells. Shown is the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (A) MTT assay using 0.1% DMSO as solvent control (0 µg/mL). Statistical analysis was performed by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc analysis, showing no significant difference between all samples. (B) ROS-reducing effects of pomegranate samples (each 75 µg/mL) or 0.1% DMSO with or without incubation with H₂O₂ (100 µM)-all dissolved in HBSS. For significance detection, the samples with or without H₂O₂ post-treatment were compared to the H₂O₂-treated or non-treated sample-free controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.