TABLE 1.
Number of cases, demographics, main disease characteristics, and basis for diagnosis of 469 dogs with AKI due to leptospirosis (AKI‐L) or other causes (AKI‐nL)
| AKI‐L | AKI‐nL | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All dogs with diagnosis | 269 | 200 | |
| Dogs with complete vaccination history (% of all dogs) | 223 (83%) | 145 (73%) | |
| Number of cases (average per year) | |||
| PRE (2011‐2012) | 56.5 | 16.5 | |
| TRANS (2013‐2014) | 54.5 | 26.5 | |
| POST (2015‐2017) | 15.7 | 38.0 | |
| Sex | |||
| Female [intact/spayed] | 92 (34%) [32/60] | 79 (40%) [22/57] | |
| Male [intact/castrated] | 177 (66%) [114/63] | 121 (61%) [65/56] | |
| Age (y) (median, IQR) | 5.9 (1.8‐8.7) | 7.3 (4.1‐10.6) | |
| Main organ manifestations | |||
| Renal | 269 (100%) | 200 (100%) | |
| Hepatic | 102 (38%) | 37 (19%) | |
| Pulmonary | 165 (61%) | 16 (8%) | |
| Hemorrhagic | 106 (39%) | 56 (28%) | |
| Basis for diagnosis | |||
| PCR | (1a) | 6 (2%) | |
| MAT seroconversion | (1b) | 123 (46%) | |
| Single MAT | (1c) | 81 (31%) | |
| Rapid test | (1d) | 25 (9%) | |
| Strong clinical evidence | (1e) | 26 (10%) | |
| Suggestive clinical evidence | (1f) | 8 (3%) | |
| Established diagnosis | (2a) | 156 (78%) | |
| Suspected diagnosis + MAT 2× neg | (2b) | 13 (7%) | |
| Suspected diagnosis + MAT 1× neg | (2c) | 81 (31%) | |
| No evidence of leptospirosis | (2d) | 14 (7%) |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; IQR, interquartile range; L, leptospirosis; MAT, microscopic agglutination test; MAT 2x neg, negative paired MAT serology; MAT 1× neg, 1 negative MAT serology; nL, nonleptospirosis; PRE, period before the introduction of L4; POST, period after the introduction of L4; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; TRANS, transition period.