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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Small. 2020 Apr 27;16(21):e2000603. doi: 10.1002/smll.202000603

Figure 1. Examples of mechanistic toxicological responses for major types of ENMs.

Figure 1.

These include transition metal oxide nanomaterials, silica-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, high aspect ratio materials, and highly soluble metal and metal oxides, rare-earth oxides. Using ENM libraries, properties of the ENMs (bandgap, dissolution, surface reactivity, aspect ratio, transformation, etc.) could be linked to mechanism-based in vitro (oxidative stress, lysosomal damage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cell death, etc.) and in vivo (e.g., lung inflammation and fibrosis) toxicity in a predictive fashion.