Table 3.

Summary table of current therapeutic approaches for OI.

Therapeutic agent	Brand name	Mode of administration	Suggested mechanism	Notes
Bisphosphonates	Pamidronate, Alendronate, Risdronate, Zoledronic acid	Typically infusion, may be administered orally	Antiresorptive, inhibition of osteoclast activity	Mainstay of therapy in OI
Denosumab	Prolia (Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA)	Subcutaneous injection	Antiresorptive, anti-RANKL antibody, inhibition of osteoclast activity	In clinical trial
Teriparatide	Forteo (Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN, USA)	Subcutaneous injection	Anabolic, recombinant human parathyroid hormone	Therapy limited to 24 months, not approved in children
Sclerostin antibody	Romosozumab (Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA), Blosozumab (Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN, USA), BSP804 (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland)	Subcutaneous injection or infusion	Anabolic, Anti-sclerostin (an inhibitor of bone formation)	In clinical trial
TGFβ inhibitory antibody	Fresolimumab (Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA)	Infusion	Targets excessive TGFβ signaling in bone	In clinical trial