Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Intervention (n = 20,235 pregnancies) | Control (n = 19,182 pregnancies) | |
|---|---|---|
| Clusters | 10 | 10 |
| Population density (n/ha) * | 4·1 | 5·3 |
| Estimated annual birth rate/cluster (n/1000) | 22 | 22 |
| LHWs/cluster | 21 [17,30] | 21 [13, 21.8] |
| Neonatal mortality ratio/1000 live births (in previous 12 months at baseline) * | 27 [25·1, 36·8] | 28·3 [20·7, 34·1] |
| Households | 16,373 | 15,569 |
| Enrolled pregnancies | 20,235 | 19,182 |
| Nature of respondent was woman herself | 19,737 (97·5%) | 18,612 (97·0%) |
| Maternal age (year) * | 28 [25,30] | 28 [25,30] |
| Married | 20,186 (99·8%) | 19,109 (99·6%) |
| Religion | ||
| Muslim | 16,806 (83·1%) | 15,637 (81·5%) |
| Hindu | 3374 (16·7%) | 3472 (18·1%) |
| Other | 18 (0·1%) | 5 (0·02%) |
| Women with ≥ 5 years of schooling * | 3971 (19·6%) | 3277 (17·1%) |
| Husbands with ≥ 5 years of schooling † | 9532 (47·2%) | 8247 (43·2%) |
| Obstetric history | ||
| Parous * | 15,540 (77·0%) | 14,981 (78·4%) |
| Parity | 2 [1,4] (missing 0·3%) | 2 [1,4] (missing 0·4%) |
| Amongst previously pregnant women | ||
| Had previous stillbirth(s) ‡ | 2368 (14·6%) (missing 11·4%) |
2276 (14·6%) (missing 11·2%) |
| Had previous neonatal death(s) | 2318 (15·2%) (missing 0·03%) |
2263 (15·4%) (missing 0·0%) |
| Delivery location in previous pregnancy † | ||
| Home | 5051 (31·1%) | 5301 (34·1%) |
| CEmOC (hospitals) | 7813 (48·0%) | 7522 (48·4%) |
| Non-CEmOC facility | 3342 (20·6%) | 2645 (17·0%) |
| ANC care sought ** | 13,375 (72.5%) | 14,153 (81.6%) |
| Current pregnancy | ||
| Gestational age at enrolment (week) | 19·8 [14·1, 26·8] | 20·6 [14·9, 27·4] |
| Multiple pregnancy | 171 (0·8%) | 182 (0·9%) |
Data presented as median [interquartile range] or number (%). * Variables used as adjustment factors in analyses, chosen a priori. † Variable used as adjustment factor in analyses, chosen following review of baseline data prior to knowledge of outcomes. ‡ Not asked in pilot phase. ** ANC care sought includes only visits with a mandated blood pressure measurement, excluding LHW CLIP contacts and all other LHW contacts.
LHW = Lady Health Worker. CEmOC = Comprehensive emergency obstetric care.