Table 3.
Energy and nutrient intakes according to quintiles of plant and animal protein intake in Korean adults aged 30–64 years.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for Trend 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Plant protein (n = 5318) | 1063 | 1064 | 1064 | 1064 | 1063 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1636.1 ± 28.0 | 2031.4 ± 27.8 | 2333.4 ± 27.4 | 2652.7 ± 29.1 | 3136.9 ± 30.6 | <0.001 |
| Energy from carbohydrate (%E) | 57.3 ± 0.7 | 60.9 ± 0.6 | 61.9 ± 0.6 | 62.3 ± 0.5 | 63.7 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Energy from protein (%E) | 13.8 ± 0.2 | 13.7 ± 0.2 | 13.8 ± 0.2 | 13.9 ± 0.2 | 13.7 ± 0.2 | 0.901 |
| Energy from fat (%E) | 18.5 ± 0.4 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.3 | 18.6 ± 0.3 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 0.381 |
| Animal protein (n = 5277) | 1055 | 1056 | 1055 | 1056 | 1055 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1807.3 ± 30.1 | 2082.6 ± 27.3 | 2321.1 ± 30.0 | 2586.5 ± 29.6 | 3129.7 ± 33.2 | <0.001 |
| Energy from carbohydrate (%E) | 69.4 ± 0.5 | 64.6 ± 0.5 | 60.6 ± 0.5 | 55.8 ± 0.5 | 48.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Energy from protein (%E) | 11.0 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.1 | 13.9 ± 0.1 | 15.2 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Energy from fat (%E) | 15.5 ± 0.3 | 17.0 ± 0.3 | 19.2 ± 0.3 | 20.8 ± 0.3 | 23.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Women | ||||||
| Plant protein (n = 8167) | 1633 | 1634 | 1633 | 1634 | 1633 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1152.2 ± 18.2 | 1470.6 ± 19.0 | 1736.0 ± 18.6 | 1982.1 ± 20.7 | 2510.3 ± 24.2 | <0.001 |
| Energy from carbohydrate (%E) | 59.9 ± 0.6 | 62.4 ± 0.5 | 63.3 ± 0.5 | 64.1 ± 0.5 | 63.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Energy from protein (%E) | 14.4 ± 0.2 | 14.2 ± 0.2 | 13.9 ± 0.2 | 13.8 ± 0.2 | 14.2 ± 0.2 | 0.148 |
| Energy from fat (%E) | 20.6 ± 0.4 | 19.9 ± 0.3 | 19.5 ± 0.4 | 19.3 ± 0.3 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 0.001 |
| Animal protein (n = 8105) | 1621 | 1621 | 1621 | 1621 | 1621 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1363.5 ± 22.5 | 1519.5 ± 24.1 | 1650.6 ± 23.1 | 1861.9 ± 24.1 | 2293.8 ± 27.3 | <0.001 |
| Energy from carbohydrate (%E) | 71.3 ± 0.4 | 66.1 ± 0.4 | 62.6 ± 0.4 | 58.5 ± 0.4 | 51.6 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Energy from protein (%E) | 11.0 ± 0.1 | 12.6 ± 0.1 | 13.9 ± 0.1 | 15.5 ± 0.1 | 18.7 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Energy from fat (%E) | 15.2 ± 0.3 | 18.1 ± 0.3 | 19.9 ± 0.3 | 21.9 ± 0.3 | 24.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
All values are presented as means ± standard errors and derived from a multivariate regression model after adjustment for age, household income, education level, drinking, smoking, and physical activity. 1 p for trend was derived from a multivariate regression model using the median protein intake (g/day) for each quintile as the continuous variable.