. 2020 Nov 6;9(11):1620. doi: 10.3390/foods9111620

Table 4.

The amino acids (g 100 g⁻¹) and biogenic amines (mg kg⁻¹) concentration in extruded and nontreated cereal by-products non-fermented and fermented with L. uvarum strain.

		W_nonF	W_ex130/ _screwspeed25	W_ex130/ _screwspeed25Lu
The amino acids, g 100g⁻¹	Asp	0.43 ± 0.03 ^a	0.44 ± 0.03 ^a	0.48 ± 0.04 ^a
	Glu	1.75 ± 0.09 ^b	1.43 ± 0.09 ^a	1.47 ± 0.08 ^a
	Asn	nd	nd	nd
	Ser	0.29 ± 0.03 ^a	0.26 ± 0.02 ^a	0.26 ± 0.02 ^a
	His	0.12 ± 0.01 ^b	0.10 ± 0.01 ^a	0.11 ± 0.01 ^a
	Gly	0.27 ± 0.02 ^a	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a	0.26 ± 0.02 ^a
	Thr	0.25 ± 0.02 ^a	0.25 ± 0.02 ^a	0.26 ± 0.02 ^a
	Arg	0.31 ± 0.03 ^b	0.27 ± 0.02 ^a	0.27 ± 0.02 ^a
	Ala	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a	0.21 ± 0.02 ^a	0.23 ± 0.02 ^a
	Tyr	0.18 ± 0.01 ^a	0.19 ± 0.01 ^a	0.17 ± 0.01 ^a
	Cys	0.34 ± 0.03 ^a	0.38 ± 0.03 ^b	0.40 ± 0.03 ^b
	Val	0.34 ± 0.03 ^a	0.32 ± 0.03 ^a	0.34 ± 0.03 ^a
	Met	0.12 ± 0.01 ^a	0.13 ± 0.01 ^a	0.13 ± 0.01 ^a
	Trp	0.36 ± 0.03 ^c	0.32 ± 0.03 ^b	0.29 ± 0.02 ^a
	Phe	0.28 ± 0.02 ^b	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a	0.22 ± 0.02 ^a
	Ile	0.40 ± 0.04 ^b	0.32 ± 0.03 ^a	0.32 ± 0.03 ^a
	Leu	0.14 ± 0.01 ^b	0.10 ± 0.01 ^a	0.11 ± 0.01 ^a
	Lys	0.26 ± 0.02 ^a	0.29 ± 0.02 ^a	0.34 ± 0.03 ^b
	Pro	0.50 ± 0.04 ^c	0.27 ± 0.02 ^b	0.24 ± 0.02 ^a
BAs con- centration, mg kg⁻¹	PHE	nd	nd	nd
	PUT	102.3 ± 2.6 ^a	154.1 ± 5.4 ^b	160.1 ± 4.0 ^c
	CAD	41.3 ± 1.6	nd	nd
	HIS	63.6 ± 2.2	nd	nd
	TYR	nd	nd	nd
	SPRMD	nd	nd	nd
	SPRM	111.9 ± 3.9 ^c	32.50 ± 0.8 ^a	33.6 ± 1.2 ^b

W, wheat bran; _nonF, non-fermented; Lu, fermented with Lactobacillus uvarum; _{ex130/screwspeed25}, extruded at 130 °C, screw speed 25 rpm; nd, not determined; Asp, aspartic acid, Ala, alanine, Gly, glycine, Val, valine, Leu, leucine, Ile, isoleucine, Thr, threonine, Ser, serine, Pro, proline Asn, asparagine, Met, methionine, Glu, glutamine, Phe, phenylalanine, Lys, lysine, His, histidine, Arg, arginine, Tyr, tyrosine, Trp, tryptophan, Cys, cysteine; Bas, biogenic amines; PHE, phenylethylamine; PUT, putrescine; CAD, cadaverine; HIS, histamine; TYR, tyramine; SPRMD, spermidine; SPRM, spermine. Data are represented as means (n = 3) ± SD. ^a–c, mean values within a row denoted with different letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). nd, not determined.