Table 3.

Univariate and multivariable associations between adolescent characteristics and TB treatment unfavorable outcome

Characteristic	Univariate logistic model		Multivariate logistic model
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)
10–14	Reference	–	–	–
15–16	0.63 (0.33–1.21)	0.166	0.54 (0.26–1.10)	0.091
17–18	1.25 (0.72–2.14)	0.425	1.20 (0.65–2.21)	0.552
Type of TB
New case	Reference	–	–	–
Retreatment	4.38 (2.37–8.08)	< 0.001	4.51 (2.23–9.17)	< 0.001
Residence area/districts
2.0	Reference	–	–	–
3.1	4.02 (1.85–8.72)	< 0.001	4.11 (1.79–9.46)	< 0.001
3.3	4.82 (2.14–10.87)	< 0.001	5.35 (2.20–13.03)	< 0.001
Other	2.05 (0.97–4.33)	< 0.059	1.77 (0.81–3.87)	1.159
TB–HIV coinfection
HIV negative	Reference	–	–	–
HIV positive	11.69 (5.21–26.24)	< 0.001	10.15 (4.15–25.34)	< 0.001
Not performed/missing data	1.34 (0.77–2.35)	0.301	1.02 (0.54–1.89)	0.970
Extreme vulnerability
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	3.31 (1.99–5.51)	< 0.001	3.01 (1.70–5.33)	< 0.001
Direct observed treatment
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	0.76 (0.46–1.26)	0.291	1.10 (0.61–1.97)	0.749
Missing data	1.55 (0.88–2.75)	0.129	2.48 (1.31–4.96)	0.006
Gender
Female	Reference	–	–	–
Male	0.70 (0.47–1.05)	0.086	–	–
TB form
Pulmonary	Reference	–	–	–
Pulmonary + extrapulmonary	0.62 (2.74–1.40)	0.25	–	–
Homeless
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	9.88 (2.82–34.45)	< 0.001	–	–
Inmates
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	1.02 (0.22–4.77)	0.607	–	–
Illicit drug use
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	4.44 (2.47–7.97)	< 0.001	–	–
Alcohol abuse
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	5.7 (1.80–18.02)	0.005	–	–
Comorbidities
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	3.66 (0.49–27.65)	0.208	–	–
Tobacco use
No	Reference	–	–	–
Yes	2.44 (1.12–5.29)	0.028	–	–
Xpert testing
Yes	Reference	–	–	–
No	0.73 (0.63–1.39)	0.735	–	–
Xpert testing result
RIF sensitive	Reference	–	–	–
RIF resistant	2.06 (0.38–11.30)	0.404	–	–
Baseline drug susceptibility testing performed
Yes	Reference	–	–	–
No	1.25 (0.82–1.92)	0.291	–	–

OR = odds ratio; RIF = rifampicin; TB = tuberculosis.