Table 3.
Cox regression of factors associated with hazard of death (N = 766)
| Characteristic | Died, n (%) | Unadjusted hazards ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazards ratio (95% CI)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female (n = 262) | 34 (13.0) | 1 | – | – |
| Male (n = 500) | 67 (13.4) | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | – | – |
| Age-group (years) | ||||
| < 20 (n = 34) | 4 (11.8) | 5.10 (1.44–18.09) | 6.62 (1.85–23.65) | 0.004 |
| 20–39 (n = 248) | 6 (2.4) | 1 | 1 | – |
| 40–59 (n = 303) | 34 (11.2) | 4.62 (1.94–11.01) | 4.45 (1.83–10.79) | 0.001 |
| ≥ 60 (n = 178) | 57 (32.0) | 14.85 (6.40–34.46) | 13.63 (5.70–32.60) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical stage at admission | ||||
| Mild or moderate (n = 575) | 15 (2.6) | 1 | – | – |
| Severe or critical (n = 191) | 86 (45.0) | 20.84 (12.02–36.14) | – | – |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No (n = 570) | 56 (9.8) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 194) | 44 (22.7) | 2.32 (1.56–3.45) | 1.00 (0.62–1.61) | 0.986 |
| Heart disease | ||||
| No (n = 733) | 89 (12.1) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 30) | 11 (36.7) | 3.52 (1.88–6.60) | 1.40 (0.68–2.88) | 0.364 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No (n = 656) | 71 (10.8) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 107) | 29 (27.1) | 2.53 (1.64–3.91) | 1.10 (0.66–1.81) | 0.720 |
| Obesity | ||||
| No (n = 725) | 83 (11.4) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 39) | 17 (43.6) | 3.87 (2.86–6.56) | 2.30 (1.24–4.27) | 0.009 |
| Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
| No (n = 738) | 96 (13.0) | 1 | – | – |
| Yes (n = 26) | 4 (15.4) | 1.27 (0.46–3.45) | – | – |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||
| No (n = 759) | 97 (12.8) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 7) | 4 (57.1) | 5.33 (1.96–14.52) | 5.33 (1.85–15.35) | 0.002 |
| Cancer | ||||
| No (n = 761) | 99 (13.0) | 1 | – | |
| Yes (n = 5) | 2 (40.0) | 3.90 (0.96–15.82) | – | – |
| HIV | ||||
| No (n = 752) | 98 (13.0) | 1 | – | – |
| Yes (n = 12) | 2 (16.7) | 1.23 (0.30–4.99) | – | – |
| Current tuberculosis | ||||
| No (n = 745) | 98 (13.2) | 1 | – | – |
| Yes (n = 19) | 2 (10.5) | 0.73 (0.18–2.98) | – | – |
| Chloroquine/azithromycin–based treatment | ||||
| No (n = 96) | 28 (29.2) | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes (n = 630) | 69 (11.0) | 0.33 (0.21–0.52) | 0.26 (0.16–0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Received oxygen | ||||
| No (n = 330) | 7 (2.1) | 1 | – | – |
| Yes (n = 245) | 92 (37.6) | 21.88 (10.14–47.25) | – | – |