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. 2020 Oct 2;103(6):2419–2428. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1240

Table 3.

Cox regression of factors associated with hazard of death (N = 766)

Characteristic Died, n (%) Unadjusted hazards ratio (95% CI) Adjusted hazards ratio (95% CI)* P-value
Gender
 Female (n = 262) 34 (13.0) 1
 Male (n = 500) 67 (13.4) 1.03 (0.68–1.56)
Age-group (years)
 < 20 (n = 34) 4 (11.8) 5.10 (1.44–18.09) 6.62 (1.85–23.65) 0.004
 20–39 (n = 248) 6 (2.4) 1 1
 40–59 (n = 303) 34 (11.2) 4.62 (1.94–11.01) 4.45 (1.83–10.79) 0.001
 ≥ 60 (n = 178) 57 (32.0) 14.85 (6.40–34.46) 13.63 (5.70–32.60) < 0.001
Clinical stage at admission
 Mild or moderate (n = 575) 15 (2.6) 1
 Severe or critical (n = 191) 86 (45.0) 20.84 (12.02–36.14)
Hypertension
 No (n = 570) 56 (9.8) 1 1
 Yes (n = 194) 44 (22.7) 2.32 (1.56–3.45) 1.00 (0.62–1.61) 0.986
Heart disease
 No (n = 733) 89 (12.1) 1 1
 Yes (n = 30) 11 (36.7) 3.52 (1.88–6.60) 1.40 (0.68–2.88) 0.364
Diabetes
 No (n = 656) 71 (10.8) 1 1
 Yes (n = 107) 29 (27.1) 2.53 (1.64–3.91) 1.10 (0.66–1.81) 0.720
Obesity
 No (n = 725) 83 (11.4) 1 1
 Yes (n = 39) 17 (43.6) 3.87 (2.86–6.56) 2.30 (1.24–4.27) 0.009
Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 No (n = 738) 96 (13.0) 1
 Yes (n = 26) 4 (15.4) 1.27 (0.46–3.45)
Chronic kidney disease
 No (n = 759) 97 (12.8) 1 1
 Yes (n = 7) 4 (57.1) 5.33 (1.96–14.52) 5.33 (1.85–15.35) 0.002
Cancer
 No (n = 761) 99 (13.0) 1
 Yes (n = 5) 2 (40.0) 3.90 (0.96–15.82)
HIV
 No (n = 752) 98 (13.0) 1
 Yes (n = 12) 2 (16.7) 1.23 (0.30–4.99)
Current tuberculosis
 No (n = 745) 98 (13.2) 1
 Yes (n = 19) 2 (10.5) 0.73 (0.18–2.98)
Chloroquine/azithromycin–based treatment
 No (n = 96) 28 (29.2) 1 1
 Yes (n = 630) 69 (11.0) 0.33 (0.21–0.52) 0.26 (0.16–0.42) < 0.001
Received oxygen
 No (n = 330) 7 (2.1) 1
 Yes (n = 245) 92 (37.6) 21.88 (10.14–47.25)