Figure 1.

Breeding system and life cycle of the white-backed plant hopper (WBPH). In the breeding cage, healthy rice at the seedling stage was provided as food for the white-backed plant hoppers (WBPHs) every week. The WBPH hatches from eggs after 5–8 days and has a nymph period of 13 to 15 days. After that, it becomes an adult and is active for 12–15 days. At this time, if new food is provided, the adult insects move to the new food. The total life cycle of the WBPH is 32 to 35 days, and the sucked rice turns yellow and dies over time.