Figure 1.

Transcriptional profiling of immune related genes in Raw 264.7 cells exposed to SmPNPs (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) for 6 and 12 h. Data are expressed as means plus or minus standard deviation (± SD) of triplicate samples. Asterisk (*) marks indicate statistical significance compared to SmPNPs treated vs. untreated control (One-way ANOVA * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001). Basal level, upregulated, and down regulated expressions are considered as 0.80–1.99-fold, ≥ 2.0-fold, and < 0.80-fold, respectively.