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. 2020 Nov 4;12(21):21253–21272. doi: 10.18632/aging.103848

Figure 10.

Figure 10

TGF-β1 binds to TGF-β receptors of SHED to stimulate downstream signaling pathways such as ALK5/Smad2, TAK1, p38 and MEK/ERK to regulate growth, differentiation etc, can be potentially applied for treatment of aging-related diseases including dermal aging, osteoporosis, and pulp necrosis etc.