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. 2020 Nov 27;6(48):eabc9294. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9294

Fig. 3. Ethylene signaling is activated by touch and is required for touch-induced changes in morphogenesis mechanics.

Fig. 3

(A) Ethylene production in seedlings upon mechanical stimulation. Mean ± SE; n = 3. (B) Hypocotyl length of 2-day-old seedlings in response to the indicated (air: 0.1-, 1-, and 10-ppm ethylene) treatments for an additional day. (C) Immunoblot analysis of EIN3 protein levels. EIN3/RPN6 indicates the relative band intensities of EIN3-Myc normalized to RPN6 and is presented relative to that in the D condition set at unity. (D) Cell length of cells at the middle region of hypocotyls. Three-day-old seedlings were grown on 1/2 MS medium (MS) or supplemented with ACC (ACC). Mean ± SD; n ≥ 15. (E and F) Elastic modulus map (E) and quantification (F) of epidermal cell walls at the middle region of hypocotyls. The elastic modulus on the A-walls and P-walls was obtained by AFM in the QNM mode. Mean ± SD; n ≥ 10. (G) Molecular mass profile of CDTA-soluble pectin in seedlings. Mean ± SD was obtained from two technical replicates. (H) In vivo PG activity of seedlings. Mean ± SD; n = 3. (I and J) Images (I) and hypocotyl length (J) of seedlings. Mean ± SD; n ≥ 20. Lowercase letters above the bars in panels D, H, and J represent significantly different groups, P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.