Figure 4.

Evaluation of osteoclast formation and osteoblast activity on the surface of alveolar bone. Histologic sections were obtained 14 days after ligation and administration of liraglutide. (a) Upper panels: pattern diagrams of anatomical aspects of alveolar tissues. T: tooth; G: gingiva; AB: alveolar bone. Middle panels: TRAP-positive osteoclast localization in the second molar of the maxillary frontal sections; the black arrows mark the TRAP-positive cells. Scalebar = 100 μm. Lower panels: ALP staining of the same part as upper panels. Scalebar = 100 μm. (b) Quantification of TRAP-positive cells (osteoclast) (nuclei of ≧3). (c) Quantification of ALP (activity of osteoblasts) by ImageJ. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01.