Table 2.
Summary of the interviews for each component of the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in the Health Service (PARiHS) framework.
| PARiHS Component | Patients | Physicians | ITa developers | ||||
| Evidence |
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Awareness of health blockchain and the concepts of HIEb and PHRc | No | Yes | Yes | |||
|
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Prior experience with HIE | Yes, sharing information (self, parents, children) | Yes, sharing patient information | Yes, developed a related service | |||
| Context |
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Existing problems in exchanging health information | Was not guided by the hospital | Too much unnecessary information; not all patients/hospitals participate | No problem in the system; the utilization is low | |||
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Attitudes about blockchain-based patient-centered HIE | Positive | Somewhat positive | Somewhat positive | |||
| Facilitation |
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Perceived Risk | Difficult to use | Concerned about security issue; possibility of legal conflicts if all information is shared. Difficult to edit data. Health care professionals would become more conservative during treatment | Possibility of data loss due to users’ inexperience. Data standardization needs to be done at each institution/corporation | |||
|
|
Perceived Risk (information safety) | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Suggestion |
|
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Function | Guardian controlling information on behalf of a patient (eg, elderly parent, underage children). Information sharing network for rare blood type/diseases |
Recruiting patients for clinical trials, receiving only the requested information | Distributed storage of actual data, setting managing entity for metadata | |||
|
|
Utilization measures | Ease of use, education for usage, and recommendation by health care professionals | Government leadership at initial stabilization stage (incentive system, etc) | None | |||
| Data exchanging institutions |
|
Hospital: Yes; Clinical Research Institute: Yes; Corporation: No; Health Management Center: indeterminate |
Hospital: Yes; Clinical Research Institute: Yes; Corporation: indeterminate; Health Management Center: indeterminate |
Hospital: Yes; Clinical Research Institute: Yes; Corporation: Yes; Health Management Center: Yes |
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aIT: information technology.
bHIE: hospital information exchange.
cPHR: personal health record.