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. 2020 Nov 27;6:57. doi: 10.1038/s41522-020-00169-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a–d Hyperspectral images generated by the biofilm sensor at times 0, 2, 3.5 and 6 h from the start of the experiment. The colour represents the resonance wavelength; e–h histogram data of resonance wavelengths of all pixels in a–d correspondingly, and Gaussian fit (red curve) to determine the central wavelength: λ₀ (at 0 h), λ_b (at 2 h), λ_c (at 3.5 h) and λ_d (at 6 h); i plot of the resonance wavelength shift, Δλ (Δλ = λ_n–λ_i), against time (dots represent the central resonance wavelength λ_n from each Gaussian fit; shaded areas illustrate standard deviations of corresponding Gaussian fits and delineates the distribution of the resonance wavelengths of all 200 x 200 pixels) and the solid line is a sigmoidal fit to the data. λ_i is defined as the base value of the resonance wavelength, averaged over the first 30 min after the flow of culture is started. Data showing long term (45 h) stability of the biofilm sensor with fresh LB media introduced into the flow cell at 24 h. The initial E. coli concentration used here is 2 × 10⁸ CFU per mL.