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. 2020 Nov 27;3:717. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01449-4

Fig. 7. Borax effect on MSC differentiation.

Fig. 7

a Immunofluorescence images of MSCs cultured for 15 days onto functionalized substrates (FN-coated) and borax (PLLA-B2%, PLLA-B5%) in culture medium, under basal and differentiation conditions (osteogenic), for late osteogenic detection markers (OPN and ALP-magenta, nuclei-cyan). Scale bar 25 µm. Oil red O staining of MSCs cultured for 15 days onto functionalized substrates (FN-coated) and borax (PLLA-B2%, PLLA-B5%) in culture medium, under basal and differentiation conditions (adipogenic), for adipocyte detection showing typical rounded adipocyte shape and accumulation of intracellular fat droplets. Scale bar 25 µm. b qPCR analysis of relative mRNA expression of late expressed markers involved in osteogenic (OPN) and adipogenic (LPL) lineage determination. RNA was extracted after 15 days of culture under both basal and differentiation conditions (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media). Statistics are shown as mean ± standard deviation. n ≥ 3 different biological replicas. Data were analyzed by an ordinary one-way ANOVA test and corrected for multiple comparisons using Tukey analysis (P = 0.05). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.