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. 2020 Nov 27;10:20786. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77048-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Summary of the hypothetical “reservoir world” outbreak intensity measures. Graphs correspond to the attributes of simulated epidemics where environments are entirely composed of a given physical surface, and larger values correspond to various aspects of outbreak intensity. (A) $R_{0}$ , (B) total number of infected (and symptomatic) after 30 days of outbreak, (C) the inverse time to peak number of symptomatic individuals (t_max^-1; larger values = shorter times to reach peak), (D) peak number of symptomatic individuals, (E) deaths after 30 days, and (F) environmental transmission fraction. Note the log scales on the y-axis in (B), (D) and (E).