Table 3.
Comparison of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of levodopa in current and previous studies.
| Parameter | Current study | Baek et al21 | Hsu et al22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formulation | Chitosan-coated HPMC LD-CD microparticles | Floatable spray- coated LD-CD-ENT microparticles | Extended release capsules of LD-CD |
| Drug ratio | LD:CD (20:5 mg) | LD:CD:ENT (30:7.5:60 mg) | LD:CD (390:97.5 mg) |
| In vivo model | Sprague-Dawley rats | C57BL6 mice | Healthy humans |
| Levodopa dose (mg) | 20 | 30 | 390 |
| HED (mg/m2) | 120 | 90 | 240.5 |
| PK parameters | |||
| Tmax (h) | 1 | 4 | 4.5 |
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 262.4 | 5038.20 | 1326 |
| AUC0–∞ (ng.h/mL) | 612.7 | 70492.05 | 7244 |
| t1/2 (h) | 2.0 | 5.4 | 1.9 |
| Normalized PK parameters | |||
| Tmax (h) | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 2.19 | 55.98 | 5.51 |
| AUC0–∞ (ng.h/mL) | 5.11 | 783.25 | 30.12 |
| t1/2 (h) | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
CD = carbidoba; ENT = entacapone; HED = human equivalent dose; HPMC = hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; LD = levodopa.