Table 1.
Sample Demographics.
| HC (n = 54) | ESZ (n = 26) | CSZ (n = 28) | F/t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 33.72 (14.42) | 24.47 (4.01) | 44.05 (14.73) | 15.77*** |
| Age range, years | 19.25 – 64.41 | 19.07 – 37.59 | 22.60 – 64.70 | – |
| Gender (% male) | 77.78 | 73.08 | 78.57 | 0.14 |
| Handedness (% right) | 87.04 | 92.31 | 82.14 | 0.43 |
| Illness Duration, years | – | 2.90 (1.47) | 23.55 (15.35) | −6.71*** |
| aCPZeq, mg | – | 301.65 (257.85) | 461.58 (366.41) | −1.53 |
| bHPeq, mg | – | 7.06 (6.77) | 6.21 (3.45) | 0.44 |
| Antidepressants (% group) | – | 38.46 | 28.57 | 0.76 |
| Mood stabilizers (% group) | – | 26.92 | 14.29 | 1.15 |
| Benzodiazepines (% group) | – | 0.00 | 7.14 | −1.39 |
| Clinical Symptoms | ||||
| CAINS Motivation & Pleasure | – | 16.64 (7.44) | 14.48 (8.00) | 1.02 |
| CAINS Expression | – | 4.35 (3.63) | 3.63 (4.43) | 0.64 |
| PANSS Total Negative | – | 15.35 (4.45) | 15.73 (6.75) | −0.24 |
| PANSS Total Positive | – | 16.27 (6.39) | 16.67 (4.97) | −0.25 |
| PANSS Depression | – | 8.77 (3.67) | 7.79 (3.60) | 0.33 |
*p < .05.
***p < .001.
Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; ESZ, early illness schizophrenia subjects; CSZ, chronic illness schizophrenia subjects; CPZeq, chlorpromazine equivalents; HPeq, haloperidol equivalents; CAINS, Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
aThree subjects were taking first-generation antipsychotics, and 34 subjects were taking second-generation antipsychotics.
bCPZeq and HPeq were correlated at 0.48.