Table 2.
Content of lignin-derived compounds in cachaça aged for 60 months in new barrels made from two oak species, European oak (Quercus petraea) and American oak (Quercus alba). Errors represent standard deviation of independent triplicates.
| Aging period (months) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | ||
| Coniferaldehyde | Q. petraea | 1.68 ± 0.04 | 6.79 ± 0.14 | 1.97 ± 0.09 | 1.81 ± 0.08 | 1.72 ± 0.06 | 1.29 ± 0.02 | 1.42 ± 0.03 | 1.80 ± 0.07 |
| Q. alba | 2.04 ± 0.08 | 9.84 ± 0.30 | 3.82 ± 0.12 | 2.74 ± 0.08 | 2.66 ± 0.08 | 2.16 ± 0.06 | 2.76 ± 0.08 | 2.44 ± 0.05 | |
| Vanillin | Q. petraea | 0.83 ± 0.02 | 2.45 ± 0.09 | 3.33 ± 0.11 | 4.20 ± 0.12 | 5.31 ± 0.18 | 6.14 ± 0.25 | 7.82 ± 0.31 | 6.95 ± 0.29 |
| Q. alba | 3.58 ± 0.12 | 4.91 ± 0.17 | 5.62 ± 0.20 | 6.63 ± 0.26 | 7.89 ± 0.30 | 8.12 ± 0.32 | 10.08 ± 0.41 | 9.44 ± 0.46 | |
| Vanillic acid | Q. petraea | 3.74 ± 0.13 | 4.82 ± 0.17 | 5.34 ± 0.16 | 5.52 ± 0.25 | 5.79 ± 0.28 | 6.34 ± 0.23 | 7.29 ± 0.26 | 7.84 ± 0.29 |
| Q. alba | 8.17 ± 0.35 | 9.92 ± 0.45 | 10.45 ± 0.44 | 12.56 ± 0.56 | 12.76 ± 0.51 | 13.89 ± 0.59 | 17.26 ± 0.65 | 22.17 ± 0.91 | |
| Guaiacol-type compounds | Q. petraea | 6.25 ± 0.19 | 14.06 ± 0.40 | 10.64 ± 0.36 | 11.53 ± 0.45 | 12.82 ± 0.52 | 13.77 ± 0.50 | 16.53 ± 0.60 | 16.59 ± 0.65 |
| Q. alba | 13.79 ± 0.55 | 24.67 ± 0.92 | 19.89 ± 0.76 | 21.93 ± 0.90 | 23.31 ± 0.99 | 24.17 ± 0.97 | 30.10 ± 1.14 | 34.05 ± 1.42 | |
| Sinapaldehyde | Q. petraea | 1.98 ± 0.10 | 12.55 ± 0.50 | 9.86 ± 0.44 | 2.12 ± 0.09 | 2.52 ± 0.10 | 2.37 ± 0.09 | 2.84 ± 0.11 | 2.66 ± 0.12 |
| Q. alba | 3.00 ± 0.11 | 20.68 ± 086 | 14.00 ± 0.51 | 5.00 ± 0.21 | 4.47 ± 0.18 | 3.71 ± 0.12 | 3.97 ± 0.15 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | |
| Syringaldehyde | Q. petraea | 4.02 ± 0.13 | 6.32 ± 0.21 | 7.28 ± 0.31 | 9.40 ± 0.37 | 11.03 ± 0.45 | 11.81 ± 0.43 | 17.98 ± 0.81 | 14.44 ± 0.69 |
| Q. alba | 8.98 ± 0.34 | 11.68 ± 0.48 | 15.11 ± 0.71 | 18.45 ± 0.77 | 19.53 ± 0.91 | 29.95 ± 1.14 | 42.44 ± 1.88 | 37.76 ± 1.36 | |
| Syringic acid | Q. petraea | 0.52 ± 0.01 | 1.84 ± 0.07 | 2.39 ± 0.09 | 3.34 ± 0.10 | 3.49 ± 0.10 | 6.33 ± 0.27 | 8.54 ± 0.35 | 8.34 ± 0.36 |
| Q. alba | 2.10 ± 0.07 | 2.78 ± 0.09 | 3.98 ± 0.16 | 5.60 ± 0.18 | 6.98 ± 0.28 | 10.64 ± 0.37 | 16.84 ± 0.73 | 18.86 ± 0.81 | |
| Syringol-type compounds | Q. petraea | 6.52 ± 0.24 | 20.71 ± 0.78 | 19.53 ± 0.84 | 14.86 ± 0.56 | 17.04 ± 0.65 | 20.51 ± 0.79 | 29.36 ± 1.27 | 25.44 ± 1.17 |
| Q. alba | 14.08 ± 0.57 | 35.14 ± 1.43 | 33.09 ± 1.38 | 29.05 ± 1.16 | 30.98 ± 1.37 | 44.30 ± 1.63 | 63.25 ± 2.76 | 57.83 ± 2.21 | |