(a) Characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis (7% Tris-acetate gel) of the conjugation mixtures in comparison to unconjugated CRM197. Ten µg of conjugated protein and 2 µg of unconjugated CRM197 were loaded per well. Lane 1: marker, lane 2: CRM197, lane 3: selective GAC-CRM197, lane 4: random GACox-CRM197. (b) HPLC-SEC profiles (fluorescence emission detection) of selective GAC-CRM197 conjugation mixture (blue line), random GACox-CRM197 conjugation mixture (green line) and unconjugated CRM197 (black line), 80 µL of sample injected on a TSK gel G3000 PWXL column; 0.1 M NaCl 0.1 M NaH2PO4 5% CH3CN pH 7.2 at 0.5 mL/min. Vtot 23.326 min, V0 10.663 min.