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. 2020 Nov 15;9(11):1133. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111133

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of metformin (MTF) and glibenclamide (GLB) on the aerobic metabolism and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production in rod OS; the figure reports the effect of 15 μM, 150 μM, 1.5 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM MTF and 25, 50, 100, 200 μM GLB on the aerobic metabolism in rod OS. (A) Complex I activity, expressed as U/mg of total protein. (B) Complex III activity, expressed as mU/mg of total protein. (C) ATP synthesis trough F_o-F₁ ATP synthase expressed as nmol of ATP produced/min/mg of total protein. (D) ROI production in rod OS, exposed to light. Data are from n = 5 independent experiments; *, ***, or **** indicate a significant difference for p < 0.05, 0.001, or 0.0001, respectively, between treated and untreated samples (CTRL).