Table 1.

Themes and sub-themes of mothers’ narratives in the study.

	Trauma-related variables			Mediators	Outcomes
Major themes	1. War traumatic events in Syria	2. Escape journey and refugee camps	3. Displacement challenges in Jordan	4. Interrelated factors in the family system	5. Adverse consequences
Sub-themes	Violence and mass killings	Escape journey	Poverty	Intergenerational transmission of trauma	Physical and mental health consequences
	Hunger and dreadful conditions	Navigating the refugee camps	Hostility from local peers	Harsh parenting style
	Physical abuse	Difficult weather conditions	Educational and recreational challenges	Parentification - children as adults
	Separation from family members and loss	Decreased quality of food and water	Child labor	Parental control
	Incarceration and torture	Risk of kidnapping	Domestic violence
	Sexual violence