Figure 3.

ST2 cells and BM-MSCs treated with TGF-β exhibit impaired migration in response to SDF-1, but not SP. ST2 cells or BM-MSCs were pretreated with TGF-β (+TGF-β; blue dots) or solvent (−TGF-β; black dots) for 12 h prior to their application in a transwell migration assay using SP ((A,B) for ST2; (E,F) for BM-MSCs) or SDF-1 ((C,D) for ST2; (G,H) for BM-MSCs) as the stimulant. The control groups (CON) were treated with a solvent vehicle. White arrows indicate the migrated cells on the lower membrane surface. Cells were stained with DAPI (blue) and the number of migrated cells is shown as a percentage of the total. The red lines indicate the mean value (p values were obtained by t-tests. n.s.; not significant) and the scale bar represents 100 µm.