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. 2020 Nov 13;10(11):2253. doi: 10.3390/nano10112253

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic of biofilm disruption using hydrogen peroxide and iron oxide nanoparticles (ION). (1) The CAT-NP distributed in 3D biofilm structure after a brief topical exposure. (2) The CAT-NP catalyzed H₂O₂ via the Fenton reaction under acidic condition to produce free radicals. The generated free radicals (3) degraded EPS and (4) killed bacteria inside the biofilm. (5) CAT-NP were also able to release iron ions that can reduce acid dissolution of hydroxyapatite (reproduced from [70] with permission from Elsevier, 2016).