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dPM2.5 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during hPSC-derived AEC differentiation. (A–C) Transcript levels of inflammation- (A), fibrosis- (B), and EMT-related (C) genes were measured using qPCR. (D,E) Western blotting and subsequent quantification of p-ERK and SFTPC in hPSC-AECs cultured in the absence and presence of dPM2.5. ACTIN was used as a loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (vs. 0 μg/mL control).
