Functional studies of the three novel NR5A1 variants. The ability of wild-type (WT) and mutant NR5A1 to activate promoter luciferase reporter constructs was tested in HEK293 cells (A–C). Cells were transiently transfected with NR5A1 expression vectors and promoter reporter constructs: 227CYP17A1_Δluc (A), -301HSD17B3_pGL3 (B) and -152CYP11A1_pGL3 (C) [7]. Results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of five independent experiments, all performed in duplicate. (D) Western blot showing expression of WT and mutant NR5A1/SF1 proteins. The HA antibody recognized hemagglutinin-tagged NR5A1/SF1 (band at 53 kDa). β-actin was used as a control (band at 42 kDa). ** p-value ≤ 0.01. HA, hemagglutinin; RLU, relative light units; Ve, empty vector; WT, wild type.