Table 3.
Drug efficacy trials against ticks and tick-borne diseases of small ruminants in Pakistan.
| Study Type | Drug(s) Tested (Concentration/Dose/Method of Application) | Number of Animals per Group | Duration of Trial (Days) | Efficacy (%) | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheep | Goats | Sheep | Goats | ||||
| Acaricidal efficacy against ticks | Diazinon (0.6% spray) | 20 | 20 | 56 | 89.5 | 92 | [48] |
| Coumaphos (0.1% spray) | 20 | 20 | 93.6 | 95 | |||
| Cypermethrin (2% spray) | 20 | 20 | 100 | 100 | |||
| Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, injection) | NS | 90 | 20 | NA | No | [53] | |
| Cypermethrin (5% spray) | 90 | Yes | |||||
| Drug efficacy against anaplasmosis | Oxytetracycline (1 mL/kg, injection) | NS | 10 | 30 * | NA | 30 | [98] |
| Imidocarb dipropionate (0.1/kg, injection) | 10 | 80 | |||||
| Diminazene aceturate (0.3 mL/kg, injection) | 10 | 60 | |||||
| Oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg, injection) | 4 | 4 | 10 | 100 | 100 | [87] | |
| Imidocarb dipropionate (3 mg/kg, injection) | 4 | 4 | 100 | 87.5 | |||
| Diminazene aceturate (3.5–7 mg/kg, injection) | 4 | 4 | 50 | 75 | |||
| Drug efficacy against babesiosis | Imidocarb dipropionate + oxytetracycline (2 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg, injection) |
10 | 10 | 10 | 100 | 100 | [99] |
| Imidocarb dipropionate (2 mg/kg, injection) | 10 | 10 | 80 | 80 | |||
| Diminazene aceturate + oxytetracycline (3.5 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg, injection) |
10 | 10 | 80 | 90 | |||
| Diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg, injection) | 10 | 10 | 70 | 70 | |||
| Imidocarb dipropionate (2 mg/kg, injection) | 10 | NS | 10 | 100 | NA | [100] | |
| Diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg, injection) | 10 | 80 | |||||
* Three doses of each drug were given in this study whereas a single dose was administered in the rest of listed studies; NS; Not studied; NA: Not applicable.