Table 1.

Current available treatments for prostate cancer.

Treatment	Target	Risks and Recurrence
Prostatectomy	Efficient against localized and early- or advanced-stage tumors [13]	Moderate biochemical recurrence rate in localized tumors, risk of spreading beyond original location [22]
Androgen deprivation therapy	Efficient against androgen- dependent carcinomas	Androgen insensitivity may develop leading to reoccurrence [23]
Radiation therapy	Efficient against localized tumors or minimally metastasized tumors [15]	Low efficacy if tumor has developed beyond early stages, requiring combination treatments; higher mortality compared to prostatectomy [24,25]
Chemotherapy	Primarily utilized to treat advanced-stage, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer [26]	Improves quality of life and slows disease progression in high-risk prostate cancer, but unlikely to cure it [27,28]