Table 1.
List of 25 top genes relevant for melanoma stem cells and resistance to target therapy.
| Gene | Description | Reference # | Cluster |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAP2K1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 | [9,11,12,13,14,15] | Kinase and metabolic signature |
| JUN | Transcription factor AP-1 | [15,42,46,56,58] | |
| RXRG | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma | [42,53] | |
| CPT1A | Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 | [59] | |
| AKT1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase | [9,16,20] | |
| BRAF | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf | [4,7,9,11,12,13,14] | |
| PPARA | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha | [59] | |
| ATF4 | Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 | [20,60] | |
| PPARGC1A | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha | [20,61,62,63] | |
| SCD | Acyl-CoA desaturase | [60,64] | |
| TFAM | Transcription factor A, mitochondrial | [65] | |
| HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha | [20,66] | |
| MITF | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor | [20,42,46,47,50,52,53,56,57,60,61,62,64,67] | Melanoma-associated signature |
| MTOR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR | [62,67] | |
| SERPINE2 | Glia-derived nexin | [68] | |
| AXL | Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO | [20,42,46,47,50,52,53,56,57,58,60,66] | |
| MLANA | Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 | [52,53,56,66] | |
| NFKB1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit | [52,66] | |
| SOX10 | Transcription factor SOX-10 | [53,58] | |
| TP53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | [69] | |
| YAP1 | Transcriptional coactivator YAP1 | [47,64] | Hippo pathway signature |
| TEAD1 | Transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-1 | [47,58] | |
| TAZ | Tafazzin | [47,64] | |
| NGFR | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 | [52,53,54,56,57,58,66,70,71] | Slow cycling signature |
| KDM5B | Lysine-specific demethylase 5B | [55,56,63,64,66,70,72] |
Bold: Genes divided into four major clusters.