Table 2.
Recent cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies (2010–2020) identifying an associated risk between inflammatory bowel disease and rosacea.
| Study | Study Design | Study Population | Main Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spoendlin (2016) [64] | Case–control | Rosacea: 80,957 Control: 80,957 |
A history of UC is associated risk of rosacea (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.43–190); a history of CD is associated with risk of rosacea (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.25–1.77) |
| Li (2016) [65] | Cross-sectional | Rosacea: 1127 female nurses; Control: 95,187 female nurses |
No association with UC CD (HR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.15–4.18) |
| Egeberg (2017) [60] | Cohort | Rosacea: 49,475 Control: 4,312,213 |
Celiac disease (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11–1.93); Crohn’s disease (CD) (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19–1.77); ulcerative colitis (UC) (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.39); inflammatory bowel syndrome (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.19–1.50) No association with SIBO and H. pylori infection |
| Wu (2017) [79] | Cohort | Rosacea: 89,356 Control: 178,712 |
IBD (HR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.04–3.63) |
| Kim (2018) [66] | Cross-sectional | IBD: 40,843 (CD: 12,646; UC: 28,197) Control: 122,529 |
Rosacea (OR: 2.173; 95% CI: 1.590–2.969); rosacea risk among UC patients (OR: 1.979; 95% CI: 1.389–2.819); rosacea risk among CD patients (OR: 2.735; 95% CI: 1.708–4.380) |
Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; HR, hazard ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio; SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; UC, ulcerative colitis. Values in brackets indicate the 95% confidence interval.