. 2020 Nov 17;25(22):5359. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225359

Table 1.

Primitive impact of exogenous melatonin application on different salt-stressed plants.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Stress Treatment	MT Concentration	Findings	References
Field crops
Rice	Oryza sativa	0.5% NaCl	0, 10, 20 μM	Antioxidants ↑, leaf senescence and cell death ↓, chlorophyll degradation ↓	[40]
Rice	O. sativa	150 and 200 mM NaCl	10–500 μM	Seed germination and root vigor ↑, antioxidant enzymes ↑, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents ↓	[41]
Maize	Zea mays	100 mM NaCl	1 μM	Antioxidant enzymes ↑, K⁺ contents and K⁺/Na⁺ ratios ↑, electrolyte leakage ↓, MDA ↓	[42]
Maize	Z. mays	150 mM NaCl	0–100 μM	Photosynthesis ↑, antioxidant enzymes ↑, Na⁺ contents ↓	[43]
Broad bean	Vicia faba	3.85 and 7.69 dSm⁻¹ diluted seawater	0100 and 500 μM	Plant growth ↑, RWC ↑, photosynthesis ↑, carbohydrates ↑, phenolic content ↑, IAA ↑, K⁺,Ca⁺², K⁺/Na⁺, and Ca⁺²/Na⁺ ratios ↑	[28]
Soybean	Glycine max	Soil saturated with 1% (w/v) NaCl	0–100 μM	Photosynthesis ↑, cell division ↑, carbohydrates ↑, fatty acid ↑, ascorbate ↑, the inhibitory effects on gene expressions ↓	[44]
Rapeseed	Brassica napus	0.75% NaCl	0–100 μM 30 μM	Antioxidant enzymes ↑, solute accumulation ↑	[38]
Fruit crops
Pingyitiancha	Malus hupehensis	100 mM NaCl	0.1 μM	Photosynthesis ↑, ion homeostasis ↑, oxidative damage ↓	[33]
Vegetable crops
Tomato	Solanum lycopersicum	75 mM NaCl	100 μM	Proteins and membranes protection ↑, antioxidants ↑, photosynthesis ↑	[34]
Tomato	S.lycopersicum	150 mM NaCl	0–200 μM	Photosynthesis ↑, ROS ↓	[35]
Cucumber	Cucumis sativus	150 mM NaCl	1 μM	Energy production regulation ↑	[39]
Cucumber	C. sativus	200 mM NaCl	0–200 μM	Antioxidant enzymes ↑, chlorophyll ↑, photosynthesis ↑	[36]
Cucumber	C. sativus	150 mM NaCl	(0–500 μM) 1 μM	GA3 biosynthesis ↑, germination rate ↑, ABA ↓, oxidative damage ↓	[45]
Watermelon	Citrullus lanatus	300 mM NaCl	50–150 μM	Photosynthesis ↑, antioxidant enzymes ↑, photosystem II efficiency ↑, stomatal closure ↓, oxidative damage ↓	[37]

Abbreviations: MT, melatonin; NaCl, sodium chloride; K⁺, potassium; MDA, malondialdehyde; RWC, relative water content; IAA, indole acetic acid; Ca²⁺, calcium; ROS, reactive oxygen species, GA₃, gibberellic acid; ABA, abscisic acid.