Figure 2.

Effects of opioid preconditioning on serum creatinine and KIM-1 mRNA levels. (A) Serum creatinine was evaluated using a dry chemistry technique. (B) Renal expression of KIM-1 was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in the ischemia-reperfusion treated kidneys. HPRT was used as a housekeeping gene for normalization. The sham group is represented by the white bars, IRI by the black bars, IRI + morphine by the dark gray bars, and IRI + fentanyl by the light gray bars. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n = 6). # p < 0.05 vs. sham, * p < 0.05 vs. IRI, ° p < 0.05 vs. fentanyl.