Table 1.

Distinct proteomes of human seminal plasma in respective conditions reported from 2012 to 2019.

Year	Sample Types	Proteomics Technique	Outcome or Significance	Reference
2019	Bilateral varicocele	LC-MS/MS	Identified altered DEPs and proposed potential noninvasive markers for varicocele patients.	[19]
2019	Normospermic Asthenozoospermic	LC-MS/MS	First investigation of the absolute expression features of low expressed proteins and identified 29 differentially expressed proteins related to sperm motility.	[20]
2019	Normal fertility Hypogonadism	HPLC/MS	Identified proteins that might represent putative clinical markers for patients with distinctive grades of male hypogonadism.	[21]
2019	Unexplained male infertility (UMI)	2D-PAGE/ MS	Altered levels of clusterin, epididymal secretory protein E1, and prostate-specific antigen were observed and might be introduced as new candidate biomarkers for success of IVF in UMI couples.	[22]
2019	Normospermic Asthenozoospermic	iTRAQ	Identified 3699 proteins in the seminal extracellular vesicles, and TRPV6 was markedly reduced in asthenozoospermic patients.	[23]
2019	Unilateral Varicocele	1D-PAGE/ LC-MS/MS	First report to identify DEPs in seminal plasma of unilateral varicocele patients, and uncovered KIF5B and ANXA2 potentially as biomarkers of infertility in unilateral varicocele.	[24]
2019	Non-obesity Obesity	LC-MS/MS	Obesity caused 69 differentially expressed proteins compared with controls.	[25]
2018	Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) infection	HPLC/MS	First application of MS-based proteomics to uncover proteins reflecting the effect of E. faecalis infection in semen.	[26]
2018	Normospermic Oligoasthenozoos-permia	iTRAQ	Dysregulated proteins involved in metabolism, transport, antioxidation, and immune response were identified in oligoasthenozoospermia.	[27]
2017	Seminal exosomes	LC-MS/MS	Describes the seminal exosomes proteome.	[28]
2016	Adolescents with varicocoele	LC-MS/MS	Specific biomarkers of spermatogenesis and homeostasis are observed in adolescents without varicocoele.	[29]
2016	Normospermic	CID LC-MS/MS	Provides identification of large-scale N-glycosylation mapping of the glycoproteins, glycosylation sites, and glycan compositions.	[30]
2016	Smokers Non-smokers	LC-MS/MS	Smoking altered protein levels linked to inflammatory state in the accessory glands and testis.	[31]
2015	Healthy men	LC-MS/MS	Established the first large scale N-linked glycoproteome of human seminal plasma.	[32]
2015	Normospermic	LC-MS/MS	Proteome in SP indeed reflected semen oxidative stress, and mucin-5B can be a potential biomarker of oxidative stress.	[33]
2014	Fertile males Infertile males	SELDI-TOF-MS	Ten seminal proteins that are significantly upregulated in the infertile group were observed.	[34]
2013	Healthy donors Infertile men	LC-MS/MS	Identified proteins that help protect against oxidative stress and were uniquely present in the seminal plasma of the ROS-negative men.	[35]
2013	Healthy men Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients	2D/SDS-PAGE	SCI was responsible for alterations in seminal plasma protein profile leading to a deviation from homeostasis.	[36]
2013	Adolescents before and after varicocelectomy	ESI-QTOF MS/MS	19 spots were differentially expressed between pre- and post-surgery, and varicocelectomy is indeed associated with changes in protein profile.	[37]
2013	Adult men before and after varicocelectomy	LC-MS/MS	Function analysis of differentially expressed proteins demonstrated a shift back to homeostasis after varicocelectomy.	[38]
2012	Men with different spermatogenic impairment	2D DIGE	The identified proteins, especially PAP, have a strong potential to be used as azoospermia markers.	[39]