Table 2.

Functional microRNAs presented in seminal plasma.

Symbol	Function and Significance	Reference
miR-210-3p	May serve as a sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of Sertoli cell-damage in varicocoele	[58]
miR-34b	Decreased seminal microRNA-34b as an indicator of lower semen concentration	[59]
miR-424	Down-regulated miR-424 in infertile men may induce spermatogenic cell apoptosis and sperm DNA damage	[60]
miR-371a-3p	miR-371a-3p expression level significantly correlates with sperm concentration and the total sperm count	[61]
miR-210-3p	Seminal plasma miR-210-3p is a useful clinical biomarker for dyszoospermia caused by varicocele	[62]
let-7b-5p	let-7b-5p inhibits glycolytic activities through targeting AURKB in asthenozoospermia	[63]
miR-192a	Seminal plasma miR-192a may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the presence of spermatozoa in nonobstructive azoospermia following varicocelectomy	[64]
miR-122-3p and miR-141-5p	miR-122-3p and miR-141-5p in seminal plasma are stable and have values for the diagnosis of asthenospermia	[65]
miR-151a-5p	miR-151a-5p was significantly increased in severe asthenozoospermia and negatively modulates mitochondrial respiratory activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and Cytochrome b (Cytb) mRNA and protein levels	[66]
miR-424/322	miR-424/322 is down-regulated in seminal plasma from patients with severe DNA damage	[67]