Table 4.
Total phospholipid concentration (mg/L) and percentage of phospholipid species (% of total phospholipids) in human milk, cow milk, goat milk and whole goat milk-based infant formula.
| Human Milk 1 | Cow Milk 3 | Goat Milk 3 | Whole Moat Milk-Based IF 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total PL (mg/L) | 286.6 (98–474 2) | 294–400 5 | 276 5 | 169.2 |
| PL (mg/L) | ||||
| PI | 2.2–21 | 0.5–26.7 6 | 21.1 4 | 17.5 |
| PC | 32–124 | 18.2–128.0 6 | 93.7 4 | 51.6 |
| PS | 11–45 | 2.5–56.5 6 | 38.7 4 | 18.3 |
| PE | 26–103 | 19.2–143.0 6 | 91.6 4 | 40.2 |
| SM | 25–177 | 11.9–98.9 6 | 91.2 4,7 | 38.7 7 |
| % of total phospholipids | ||||
| PI | 1.1–10 | 0.1–9.0 | 2.21–9.4 | 11 |
| PC | 19–38 | 25.9–33.2 | 27.4–31.6 | 31 |
| PS | 3.7–17 | 0.12–9.1 | 2.41–14.0 | 11 |
| PE | 5.9–36 | 23.4–46.7 | 26.9–46.1 | 24 |
| SM | 29–43 | 19.8–25.4 | 16.1–27.3 | 23 7 |
1 from [38]. 2 from [49]. 3 from [26]. 4 Measured using 31Phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance (n = 3 for goat milk and n = 5 for IF). 5 from [51]. 6 from [52]. 7 sum of SM and DHSM (dihydrosphingomyelin). PL: phospholipids; PI: phosphatidylinositol; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PS: phosphatidylserine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; SM: sphingomyelin.