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. 2020 Nov 13;21(22):8548. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228548

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Kinetics and chemical structure of (a) ferulic acid (FER), (b) p-coumaric acid (COUM), and their metabolites in the supernatants of Penicillium verrucosum cultures supplemented with 0.5 mM of FER and COUM. Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation using five biological replicates. VAN—vanillic acid; HBENZ—p-hydroxybenzoic acid.