Table 1.
Physical characteristics of the participants at baseline.
| Variables (Unit) | Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CON (n = 40) | ERSG (n = 40) | p-value | |
| Age (y) | 72.05 ± 6.82 | 71.50 ± 6.34 | 0.732 |
| Height (cm) | 159.96 ± 7.92 | 161.30 ± 8.74 | 0.410 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.03 ± 9.38 | 60.23 ± 6.88 | 0.363 |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 42.75 ± 6.91 | 42.98 ± 5.72 | 0.063 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 18.44 ± 4.20 | 17.41 ± 4.94 | 0.348 |
| Percent fat (%) | 27.23 ± 5.01 | 27.35 ± 6.16 | 0.840 |
| LBP history (month) | 22.10 ± 7.47 | 23.61 ± 8.47 | 0.550 |
All data represent the mean ± standard deviation. LBP, low back pain; CON, control group; ERSG, equine riding simulator group. p-value was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.