Table 4.
Comparative results of participants’ body composition.
| Items (Units) | Time (T) | Group (G) | ANOVA (p-Value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON (n = 40) | ERSG (n = 40) | G | T | G × T | ||
| Weight (kg) | Pre | 64.03 ± 9.38 | 61.42 ± 7.90 | 0.061 | 0.314 | 0.002 |
| Post | 64.64 ± 9.04 | 60.23 ± 6.88 | ||||
| Muscle mass (kg) | Pre | 42.75 ± 6.91 | 42.98 ± 5.72 | 0.667 | 0.002 | 0.123 |
| Post | 41.65 ± 6.64 | 42.60 ± 6.06 | ||||
| Fat mass (kg) | Pre | 18.44 ± 4.20 | 17.41 ± 4.94 | 0.009 | 0.305 | 0.001 |
| Post | 20.38 ± 4.80 | 16.31 ± 4.52 | ||||
| Percent fat (%) | Pre | 27.23 ± 5.01 | 27.35 ± 6.16 | 0.080 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Post | 31.62 ± 6.16 | 27.33 ± 6.43 | ||||
| BMR (kcal/day) | Pre | 1261.30 ± 149.25 | 1238.09 ± 127.86 | 0.962 | 0.048 | 0.001 |
| Post | 1248.47 ± 145.06 | 1274.58 ± 129.66 | ||||
All data represent the mean ± standard deviation. CON, control group; ERSG, equine riding simulator group; BMR, basal metabolic rate; ANOVA, analysis of variance. p-value was analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA test.