Figure 4.

Activation of the Electrophilic Response Element/Antioxidant Response Element (EpRE/ARE). During oxidative stress or exogenous addition of an electrophile, NRF2 is released from its cytosolic binding partner, KEAP1. NRF2 translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) and induces target gene expression. Target genes include those involved in redox balance, metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Under basal conditions, NRF2 remains bound to KEAP1, while subsequently experiencing ubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation.