AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Akt	Protein kinase B
AP-1	Activator protein 1
Aβ	Amyloid beta peptide
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
C3G	Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
CNS	Central nervous system
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
DG	D-galactose
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GA	Gallic acid
HBA	4-hydroxybenzoic acid
IFN	Interferon
IKK	IκB kinase
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Nitric oxide synthase
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-jun N-terminal kinase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MLK3	Mixed-lineage protein kinase 3
MS	Multiple sclerosis
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NO	Nitric oxide
PA	Protocatechuic acid
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PND	Perioperative neurocognitive disorder
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
VA	Vanillic acid