Immunization with OVA-CIRP enhances therapeutic responses induced by ICPI in subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumors. (A) C57BL6/J mice (n = 6/group) bearing 5 mm subcutaneous B16-OVA tumors were treated with antibodies at days 0, 7, and 14 (Isotype, Iso; anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-1, ICPI) with or without OVA-CIRP vaccine administered subcutaneously or intratumor, 3 or 5 times. Tumor volume was measured twice/week. (B) B16-OVA cells were injected in the liver of C57BL6/J mice and four days later they received control (n = 6) or ICPI antibodies (n = 7), or ICPI plus OVA-CIRP vaccine administered s.c. 5 times (n = 7). Three weeks later livers were examined, analyzing the number of tumor hepatic nodules as well as the percentage of mice without extrahepatic tumor nodules. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001.