| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| Akt | protein kinase-B |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-kappaB |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| P-gp | P-glycoprotein |
| MDR1 | multidrug resistance 1 |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor-beta 1 |
| DOX | doxorubicin |
| TFF3 | trefoil factor 3 |
| SphK1 | sphingosine kinase 1 |
| OS | osteosarcoma |
| GSH | glutathione |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| MDH | malondialdehyde |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| TIMPs | tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases |
| EMT | epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| ZnCM-SD | curcumin-Zn solid dispersion |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
| ABCB4 | ABC sub-family B member 4 |
| EGCG | epigallocatechin gallate |
| S100A8 | S100 calcium-binding protein A8 |
| AP-1 | activator protein-1 |
| CAT | catalase |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| CAR | carvacrol |
| PiC | mitochondrial phosphate carrier |
| MSNs | mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
| EE | encapsulation efficiency |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| EPR | enhanced permeability and retention |
| MDR | multidrug resistance |
| GLUT-1 | glucose transporter-1 |
| BBB | blood-brain barrier |
| uPAR | urokinase plasminogen activator receptor |
| HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
| NQO1 | NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 |