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. 2020 Nov 11;10(11):837. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10110837

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Speech-envelope amplitude coupling with EEG. The horizontal line indicates the mean mutual information (in Bit units) for a spatial cluster around the temporal cortices (cf. Supplementary Materials Figure S1). Note that the infants’ brains couple more to the familiar mother’s voice (FV) as compared to an unfamiliar voice (UV) at 1 Hz. This distinct mutual information difference is seen for both groups, indicating a strong preference for the maternal voice at birth independent of whether fetuses were daily stimulated with the mother’s voice. Note: For the control group, only the voice effect is illustrated as there is no familiarization to a rhyme (FR) before birth. FR = familiar rhyme; UR = unfamiliar rhyme; FV = familiar voice; UV = unfamiliar voice. * p < 0.001.