3-MA	3-Methyladenine
ACE(2)	angiotensin-converting enzyme (type 2)
AGE	advanced glycation end products
AKT	protein kinase B
ALI	acute lung injury
AMBRA1	activating molecule in beclin-1 regulated autophagy
AMPK	5′ AMP-activated protein kinase
Ang II	angiotensin II
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome
AT1R	angiotensin II receptor type 1
ATG1/ULK1	Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase-1
BBB	blood-brain barrier
BECN1	beclin 1
CNS	central nervous system
COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
CoVs	coronaviruses
COX2	cyclooxygenase 2
DAMP	damage-associated molecular patterns
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ERK/MAPK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase
HMGB1	high mobility group box 1
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukine
JAK/STAT	janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription
LMP7	low-molecular mass protein-7 also known as B5i
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MERS-CoV	middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
MHC-I/II	Major histocompatibility molecules class I/II
MODS	multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
mTORC1	mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
MVBs	multivesicular bodies
NF-kB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
p38MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PKC	protein kinase C
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
Rab GTPases	G coupled Ras-related proteins in brain
RAGE	receptor for advanced glycated end products
RAS	renin-angiotensin-system
Rb	retinoblastoma
RhoA	ras homolog gene family member A
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SARS-CoV	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SIRT1	sirtuin-1
SNARE	soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor
SQSTM1/p62	sequestosome 1
STX17	syntaxin-17
TFEB	transcription factor EB
THM	traditional herbal medicine
TLR	toll-like receptor
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TRAF6	TNF receptor-associated factor
UPS	ubiquitin-proteasome system
VPS34	vacuolar protein sorting 34
vRNP	viral ribonucleoprotein