Figure 4.
LPA1 antagonist attenuates apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation in injured brains after tMCAO challenge. Mice were induced with tMCAO. AM095 (30 mg/kg) was administered immediately after reperfusion. ASC speck formation in NLRP3-immunopositive cells was determined in the penumbra and ischemic core regions at one day after tMCAO challenge by ASC/NLRP3 double immunofluorescence. Representative images of ASC/NLRP3 speck formation in the penumbra (a) and ischemic core regions (c) and quantification of their numbers in percentage (b,d) are shown. Scale bars, 10 µm. n = 4 mice per group. *** p < 0.001 versus sham. ###, p < 0.001 versus vehicle-administered tMCAO group.