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. 2020 Nov 16;9(11):1585. doi: 10.3390/plants9111585

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Average changes in O2 exchange rate induced by injection of sodium orthovanadate (OV) in pea protoplasts under light (a) and dark (b) conditions (n = 7–10). OV was dissolved in standard solution (1 mM KCl, 0.5 mM CaCl2, and 0.1 mM NaCl); the arrows mark the OV injection into the protoplast incubation medium (injection volume was 30 µL and final OV concentration was 0.25 mM). The incubation medium for protoplasts included sorbitol (400 mM), CaCl2 (5 mM), MgCl2·6H2O (5 mM), NaCl (20 mM), and MES-KOH (30 mM). The pH was about 5.5. The final volume (the incubation medium + protoplasts) was 1.2 mL. Blue actinic light (460 nm, 240 µmol m−2 s−1) was used in the experiment under light conditions. In each experiment, the change in O2 exchange rate was calculated as the difference between the O2 release/consumption rate in the variant with injection of OV (experiment) and the rate in the variant with injection of standard solution (control). Increases in O2 exchange rate indicated the increase in O2 release (under light conditions) or decrease in O2 consumption (under dark conditions). The decrease in O2 exchange rate indicated a decrease in O2 release (under light conditions) or increase in O2 consumption (under dark conditions).