Table 2.
The lifestyle and psychological characteristics of all the participants and comparison of these factors between women with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety and depressive symptoms.
| Lifestyle and Psychological Characteristics | All Participants (n = 289) |
Anxiety | Depression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (n = 156) |
Moderate (n = 83) |
Severe (n = 50) |
p-Value | Mild (n = 178) |
Moderate (n = 74) |
Severe (n = 37) |
p-Value | ||
| Lifestyle factors | |||||||||
| Smoking (%) | |||||||||
| None/fewer than 20/20 or more cigarettes per day | 93.1/3.1/3.8 | 91.0/3.9/5.1 | 96.4/2.4/1.2 | 94.0/2.0/4.0 | 0.563 b | 92.7/2.2/5.1 | 97.3/2.7/0 | 86.5/8.1/5.4 | 0.487 b |
| Drinking (%) | |||||||||
| Never/sometimes/daily | 66.8/24.6/8.7 | 68.6/23.7/7.7 | 61.5/28.9/9.6 | 70.0/20.0/10.0 | 0.739 b | 64.6/27.5/7.9 | 70.3/21.6/8.1 | 70.3/16.2/13.5 | 0.934 b |
| Caffeine (%) | |||||||||
| Never/1–2 times/3 or more times per day | 9.4/34.0/56.6 | 9.0/35.2/55.8 | 11.0/32.9/56.1 | 8.0/32.0/60.0 | 0.959 b | 10.2/32.8/57.0 | 5.4/39.2/55.4 | 13.5/29.7/56.8 | 0.570 b |
| Exercise (%) | |||||||||
| Yes/No | 49.0/51.0 | 58.7/41.3 | 42.2/57.8 | 30.0/70.0 | <0.001 b | 54.8/45.2 | 43.2/56.8 | 32.4/67.6 | 0.024 b |
| Menopausal Health–Related Quality of Life Questionnaire | |||||||||
| Somatic symptom score (0–18 points) | 14.0 (4.0) | 15.1 (3.9) | 13.1 (3.6) | 11.3 (3.7) | <0.001 a | 15.0 (3.8) | 12.3 (3.6) | 11.6 (3.7) | <0.001 a |
| Vasomotor symptom score (0–6 points) | 5.0 (2.2) | 4.4 (2.0) | 3.6 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.0) | <0.001 a | 4.3 (2.1) | 3.3 (2.3) | 3.4 (1.9) | <0.001 a |
| Insomnia symptom score (0–6 points) | 5.0 (2.0) | 4.7 (1.8) | 3.6 (2.1) | 2.8 (2.1) | <0.001 a | 4.5 (1.9) | 3.8 (2.1) | 2.7 (2.2) | <0.001 a |
| Life satisfaction score (0–15 points) | 8.0 (3.5) | 8.8 (3.5) | 6.9 (3.0) | 5.6 (2.9) | <0.001 a | 9.2 (2.0) | 6.1 (2.7) | 3.9 (2.5) | <0.001 a |
| Social involvement score (0–16 points) | 9.0 (2.9) | 9.7 (2.8) | 9.1 (2.9) | 8.5 (3.2) | 0.060 a | 10.2 (2.6) | 8.4 (2.8) | 7.1 (3.2) | <0.001 a |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | 12.0 (6.5) | 8.8 (3.9) | 16.6 (3.8) | 22.4 (3.7) | <0.001 a | 9.5 (4.2) | 17.7 (3.1) | 23.6 (3.8) | <0.001 a |
| Anxiety subscale score | 7.0 (3.6) | 5.5 (2.9) | 8.9 (2.8) | 10.9 (3.0) | <0.001 a | ||||
| Depression subscale score | 6.0 (3.6) | 4.5 (2.8) | 7.7 (3.4) | 9.9 (2.9) | <0.001 a | ||||
| Psychotropic drug treatment (%) | |||||||||
| Yes/No | 8.8/91.2 | 6.8/91.2 | 8.4/91.6 | 16.3/83.7 | 0.127 b | 7.4/92.6 | 12.7/87.3 | 8.1/91.9 | 0.416 b |
Values are mean (standard deviation) or percentage. a Kruskal-Wallis test, b chi-squared test.